Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 2)

SKU: orb1822369

Description

Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 2)

Research Area

,Neuroscience | Neurodegeneration | Alzheimer's Disease | Tangles & Tau | Neuroscience | Neurodegeneration | Parkinson's Disease | Synuclein | Neuroscience | Neurodegeneration | Multiple System Atrophy

Images & Validation

• Tested Applications: In vitro, In vivo, SDS-PAGE, WB
• Application Notes:
  Certified 95% pure using SDS-PAGE analysis. Made with low endotoxin monomer.

Key Properties

• Source: Recombinant
• Expression System: E. coli
• Biological Activity: Does not induce Lewy body inclusion formation in Sprague-Dawley rat primary hippocampal neurons. Thioflavin T emission curve shows only a small increase in fluorescence (indicative of alpha synuclein aggregation) when Type 2 alpha synuclein PFFs (SPR-317) are combined with alpha synuclein monomers (SPR-321 or SPR-316). Certain biological activities in other neuronal cells cannot be ruled out. Researchers should test compatibility prior to use.
• Target: Alpha Synuclein
• Reactivity: Human
• Tag: No tag
• Protein Length: Full Length
• MW: ~14.46 kDa
• Purity: > 95%
• Protein Sequence: MDVFMKGLSK AKEGVVAAAE KTKQGVAEAA GKTKEGVLYV GSKTKEGVVH GVATVAEKTK EQVTNVGGAV VTGVTAVAQK TVEGAGSIAA ATGFVKKDQL GKNEEGAPQE GILEDMPVDP DNEAYEMPSE EGYQDYEPEA

Storage & Handling

• Storage: -80°C
• Buffer/Preservatives: PBS pH 7.4
• Concentration: 2 mg/ml
• Expiration Date: 6 months from date of receipt.
• Disclaimer: For research use only

Alternative Names

Alpha synuclein PFFs, Alpha synuclein PFF, Alpha synuclein aggregates, Alpha synuclein protein aggregates, Alpha synuclein aggregates, Alpha-synuclein protein, Non-A beta component of AD amyloid protein, Non-A4 component of amyloid precursor protein, NACP protein, SNCA protein, NACP protein, PARK1 protein, SYN protein, Parkinson disease familial 1 Protein

SDS-PAGE of ~14 kDa Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein Protein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 2). Lane 1: Molecular Weight Ladder (MW). Lane 2: Alpha Synuclein Protein Pre-formed Fibrils.

Primary rat hippocampal neurons show lewy body inclusion formation when treated with Type 1 Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils at 4 μg/ml (D-F), but not when treated with Type 2 Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils at 4 μg/ml (A-C). Tissue: Primary hippocampal neurons. Species: Sprague-Dawley rat. Fixation: 4% formaldehyde made from PFA. Primary Antibody: Mouse anti-pSer129 Antibody at 1:1000 24 hours at 4°C; Secondary Antibody: FITC Goat Anti-Mouse (green) at 1:700 for 1 hours at RT (B, E). Counterstain: Hoechst (blue) nuclear stain at 1:4000 for 1 hour at RT (A, D). Localization: Lewy body inclusions. Magnification: 20x. C is A and B merged and F is D and E merged.

Type 1 alpha synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils seed the formation of new alpha synuclein fibrils from the pool of alpha synuclein monomers. Thioflavin T is a fluorescent dye that binds to beta sheet-rich structures, such as those in alpha synuclein fibrils. Upon binding, the emission spectrum of the dye experiences a red-shift and increased fluorescence intensity. Thioflavin T emission curves show increased fluorescence (correlated to alpha synuclein protein aggregation) over time when 10 μM of Type 1 alpha synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils is combined with 100 μM of alpha synuclein monomer, as compared to when 10 μM of Type 2 alpha synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils is combined with 100 μM of alpha synuclein monomer or 100 μM of alpha Synuclein monomer. Thioflavin T ex = 450 nm, em = 485 nm.

Toxicity results comparing Active Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 2) and Active Human Recombinant Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (Type 1). Data was graphed after live cell imaging results were obtained using the following procedure: After 8 days in vitro, primary rat mixed cortical neuron cells were washed with 1X PBS and treated with 500 μg/ml of Type 1 and Type 2 Alpha Synuclein Proteins for 20 hours at 37?C. Following treatements, cells were washed with 2X PBS and incubated with a staining solution (2.0 μM Cell Event + 2.5 μM Ethidium homodimer + 2.5 μg/ml Hoechst 33342 in sterile HBSS) for 30 minutes at 37?C. The addition of the Type 2 Alpha Synuclein Proteins resulted in a significant increase in cell death.

Evaluation of a-syn toxicity on primary mouse cortical neurons. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a soluble enzyme present in the cytosol that is released upon cell death. Toxicity was assessed with an LDH assay and displayed as % of vehicle control (VC). Data are presented as bar graphs and standard deviation.

Evaluation of a-syn toxicity on primary mouse cortical neurons. Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity reduces yellow MTT to dark blue formazan crystals, a reaction catalyzed in living cells. Cell viability was assessed with an MTT assay and displayed as % of vehicle control (VC). Data are presented as bar graphs and standard deviation.

TEM of Type 2 Alpha Synuclein Pre-formed Fibrils (PFFs)

Quick Database Links

Gene Symbol

Alpha Synuclein

UniProt

P37840