PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein ligand 1), also known as CD274, is a type 1 transmembrane protein mainly expressed on the cell surface of tumor cells or antigen-presenting cells. PD-1, (also known as CD274), is a membrane protein of the human immunoglobulin superfamily, expressed on the surface of T cells, primary B cells, and myeloid-derived dendritic cells. PD-1 and PD-L1 were also found to be co-expressed on the surface of SCLC cancer cells. PD-1/PD-L1 act as inhibitory checkpoint molecules in the immune system. PD-1 binds to PD-L1 to form a complex and transmit inhibitory signals to reduce the proliferation and activity of killer T lymphocytes. Blocking PD-1 with anti-PD-1 antibody, or blocking PD-L1 with anti-PD-L1 antibody, can inhibit the formation of PD-1/PD-L1 complex, thereby activating the immune system to attack tumors. Therefore, both anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies have been used as adjuvant therapy for certain types of cancer. This product is designed as a tool for the delivery and expression of PD-L1 ECD-mutant Fc mRNA for research. The product leverages the lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology platform for simple and efficient delivery of PD-L1 ECD-mutant Fc mRNA to a variety of mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. The LNPs used are formulated with SM-102, DSPC, cholesterol and DMG-PEG2000 at an optimal molar concentration for a high rate of encapsulation and efficient mRNA delivery. This PD-L1 ECD mutant Fc fusion protein is a secreted protein, approximately 75 kD, consisting of the PD-L1 extracellular domain (ECD) and mutant Fc with a GS peptide linker (GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS) in between. The mutant Fc is approximately 50 kD with mutations L234A, L235A and P329G. The ECD of human PD-L1 is 220 amino acids, which is 19-238 amino acids of GenPept accession number: NP_054862. The full-length amino acid sequence of this PD-L1 ECD-mutant Fc product is available upon request.
Images & Validation
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Application Notes
Upon receiving product, briefly pulse spin before opening to ensure product is at bottom of container. It is important not to spin for too long as this may rupture mRNA-LNPs. Do not vortex. Work with mRNA-LNPs on ice and minimize the time that the product spends at room temperature. After handling the product during experiments, return immediately to ice. mRNA-LNP products should only be handled with certified RNase-free reagents and consumables. Use of filtered pipette tips is highly recommended.
Key Properties
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Storage & Handling
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Storage
4°C; ice
Form/Appearance
mRNA-LNPs suspended in PBS (-Ca, -Mg) (pH: 7.0-7.4).
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